Quartz
Quartz
Single Synthetic Crystal Quartz is mined naturally, but is more commonly produced synthetically in large long faceted crystals. It is grown by hydrothermal method in autoclaves. It has trigonal crystal structure with right-hand or left-hand modification. Quartz is a anisotropic monoaxial crystal. It has low stress birefringence and highest refractive index homogeneity. The optical transmission range of crystal quartz is 0.15 – 4 microns. Quartz corresponds to the best natural material by its physical properties. It contains neither electrical nor optical twins and there are no cracks and chippings. Crystals of synthetic quartz show high transmittance over a large spectral range from IR to UV.
Optically, crystalline quartz is used extensively as a wave retardation medium, using the birefringent properties in quarter-wave plates and in polarizers, for UV-lenses and windows.
Optical Property
Transmission Range, µm | 0.4 – 3.5 |
Refractive Index, at 1 µm | no = 1.5350 |
Reflection Loss, % for two surfaces at 2 µm | 8.2 |
dN/dT, 1/°C | 5 x 10-6 |
Physical Property
Density, g/cm3 (20°C) | 2.635 – 2.660 |
Solubility, in water | insoluble |
Type of Material | trigonal, point group 32, |
Melting Temperature, °C | 1467 |
Thermal Conductivity, W/(m · K) at – 253 °C parallel C-axis: | 720.0 |
Thermal Conductivity, W/(m · K) at – 253 °C perpendicular C-axis: | 370.0 |
Thermal Conductivity, W/(m · K) at – 79 °C parallel C-axis: | 20.0 |
Thermal Conductivity, W/(m · K) at – 79 °C perpendicular C-axis: | 10.0 |
Thermal Conductivity, W/(m · K) at 50 °C parallel C-axis: | 10.7 |
Thermal Conductivity, W/(m · K) at 50 °C perpendicular C-axis: | 6.2 |
Thermal Expansion, 1/°C at 0 to – 20 °C parallel C-axis: | 7.64 x 10-6 |
Thermal Expansion, 1/°C at 0 to – 20 °C perpendicular C-axis: | 14.00 x 10-6 |
Mohs Hardness, indenter load 500g | 740 |
Specific Heat Capacity, J/(kg · K) at 10 °C | 744 |
Dielectric Constant, for 3 x 107 Hz at 52 °C parallel C-axis: | 4.34 |
Dielectric Constant, for 3 x 107 Hz at 52 °C perpendicular C-axis: | 4.27 |
Young’s Modulus, GPa parallel C-axis: | 76.5 |
Young’s Modulus, GPa perpendicular C-axis: | 97.2 |
Shear Modulus (G), GPa | 31.14 |
Bulk Modulus (K), GPa | 36.4 |
Elastic Coefficient, GPa | C11 = 86.6 |
Debye Temperature, °C | 197 |
Rupture Modulus, MPa | 41 |
Knoop Hardness, kg/mm2 | 741 |